Reduction of Infectious Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus In Animal Agricultural Settings

There is a large body of literature regarding influenza contamination of, transmission by, and elimination from – materials and surfaces. Publications may focus on specific situations or interventions, but the information may be applicable to other situations. Scenarios include hospital surfaces, equipment, and materials (e.g., pajamas) (Jeong et al., 2010), food and food preparation surfaces (Anon, 2005), and bodily fluids and surfaces (Bean et al., 1982), due to the concern with pandemic and seasonal human influenza. Transmission of influenza in wildlife by the fecal-oral route through surface water has led to another body of literature (Stallknecht et al, 1990; Brown et al., 2009). The threat and cost of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry has produced many publications (Tiwari et al., 2006; Wood et al., 2010) applicable to that problem (including studies using chicken feces, soil, wood, etc.), which will be the primary focus of this review. A review of this brevity can include only a sampling of the available literature.